In Cameroon, the trade balance deficit reached 2,145.2 billion CFA francs in 2025 (approximately 3.8 billion USD), compared to 1,747.3 billion CFA francs (3.1 billion USD) in 2024. This represents an increase of 22.8% on an annual basis. This information was revealed by the Autonomous Amortization Fund (CAA) in its recent monthly report on Cameroon’s public debt as of March 31, 2026, released on May 15, 2026.
According to the body responsible for managing Cameroon’s public debt, “This underperformance is explained by a 5.2% decrease in exports, representing an absolute decrease of 168.1 billion CFA francs (approximately 300 million USD).” In a more volatile global environment, the CAA argues that “this decrease in exports is combined with an increase in imports of 229.8 billion CFA francs (nearly 411 million USD), representing a 4.6% increase compared to 2024.” As a result, in 2025, Cameroon’s export revenues only cover 59% of import expenses.
This development increases pressure on the foreign exchange reserves of the countries in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC), which are already being tested by repeated external shocks. It also increases the country’s dependence on external financing.
Taking a closer look, the CAA observes that “exports have suffered from lower volumes in agriculture and forestry.” Indeed, it is noted that limited local processing restricts the added value captured from mining and agricultural products.
Conversely, imports have remained dynamic, driven by capital goods, refined energy products, and foodstuffs.
Upon analysis, these figures reflect a structural competitiveness deficit. Despite recognized potential, the diversification of exportable offerings remains insufficient. Authorities are focusing on industrialization and import substitution, with special economic zones at the heart of this strategy.
However, results are slow to materialize. Logistical, energy, and regulatory constraints are hindering productive investment.
In the short term, the increase in the deficit could weigh on growth and complicate macroeconomic and budgetary management.
In the medium term, the challenge is strategic for the Cameroonian economy. It is about sustainably rebalancing the trade balance and strengthening external resilience. Without an acceleration of reforms, the risk of increased vulnerability will persist.
