{"id":493584,"date":"2026-07-27T16:08:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T16:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2026\/07\/27\/usury-rate-in-the-waemu-the-recalibration-operated-by-decision-no-19-29-12-2025-cm-umoa\/"},"modified":"2026-07-27T16:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T16:08:21","slug":"usury-rate-in-the-waemu-the-recalibration-operated-by-decision-no-19-29-12-2025-cm-umoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2026\/07\/27\/usury-rate-in-the-waemu-the-recalibration-operated-by-decision-no-19-29-12-2025-cm-umoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Usury rate in the WAEMU: the recalibration operated by Decision No. 19\/29-12-2025\/CM\/UMOA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-bottom-left\"><\/div><p>Since June 1, 2026, a new legal ceiling regulates the cost of credit in the eight states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union. By Decision No. 19\/29-12-2025\/CM\/UMOA, signed in Cotonou on December 29, 2025 under the presidency of Aboubakar Nacanabo, the Council of Ministers of the Union redefined the usury rate applicable to credit operations: 14% for banks, down from 15% previously, and 24% for credit financial institutions and decentralized financial systems (DFS). Presented from a strictly numerical perspective, the evolution may seem technical. However, it has direct consequences on access to credit, bank pricing, and consumer protection in an area where the global effective rate has been the main instrument for decades in the fight against abusive credit practices.<\/p>\n<p>I- A text anchored in an old legal framework<br \/>\nThe usury rate is not an innovation of Decision No. 19\/29-12-2025\/CM\/UMOA. It is based on the uniform law on combating usury adopted by the Union authorities, itself based on the UEMOA Constitutive Treaty and the BCEAO Statutes. This framework gives the Council of Ministers, and it alone, the power to set the threshold beyond which a credit is deemed usurious. Neither the Central Bank of West African States nor the UMOA Banking Commission has this power: their role is limited to implementing and supervising compliance with the ceiling once it is set.<\/p>\n<p>The usury rate differs in this respect from the legal interest rate, set annually by each member state according to a harmonized method based on the refinancing conditions of the BCEAO, and which serves as a reference in settling disputes and enforcing claims. The usury rate, on the other hand, has a preventive purpose: it limits, upstream, the total cost that a borrower can bear, expressed in the global effective rate (TEG) or annual effective rate (AER).<\/p>\n<p>II- The content of the measure: two ceilings, an unchanged architecture<br \/>\nDecision No. 19 maintains the distinction, classic in Union banking law, between two categories of lending institutions. Banks, as defined by the uniform banking law, see their ceiling reduced from 15% to 14%, a one-point decline. Financial institutions with a banking character, as well as decentralized financial systems in the microfinance sector, remain subject to a separate ceiling of 24%, reflecting the higher structural cost of their activity, characterized by lower credit amounts, higher default risk, and proportionally heavier operating expenses.<\/p>\n<p>This two-tier architecture is not specific to this decision: it extends a distinction that previous texts already made between traditional banking credit and proximity credit. Maintaining this ten-point gap, far from being insignificant, reflects a deliberate choice by the Council of Ministers between two competing objectives: protecting the borrower against excessive credit costs, on one hand, and preserving the economic viability of a microfinance sector whose financial inclusion mission is based precisely on its ability to lend to a clientele excluded from the traditional banking system, on the other hand.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, any credit with a TEG or AER exceeding the threshold applicable to the category of the lending institution is considered usurious, regardless of the nature of the contract or the quality of the borrower, whether an individual or legal entity.<\/p>\n<p>II- The sanction of usury: a predominantly penal device<br \/>\nThe strength of the usury rate lies less in its level than in the severity of the consequences attached to its exceeding. The repressive system applicable in the Union combines criminal and civil sanctions. On the criminal side, the offending institution is liable to a fine and, in case of recurrence, to imprisonment possibly accompanied by the temporary or permanent closure of the establishment concerned. On the civil side, the court seized may declare the nullity of the usurious interest stipulation, or even of the contract itself, and order the repayment to the borrower of sums received beyond the legal limit.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to this national system, there is a prudential aspect: non-compliance with the usury rate exposes the institution to disciplinary sanctions from the UMOA Banking Commission, which can lead, in the most serious cases, to the withdrawal of authorization. This articulation between criminal, civil, and disciplinary sanctions gives the usury rate a deterrent effect that few other credit consumer protection mechanisms in the WAEMU space can claim.<\/p>\n<p>IV- A modest but significant decrease for borrowers<br \/>\nThe one-point decrease in the ceiling applicable to banks may seem limited. However, it has a mechanical effect on bank pricing, in a context where the AER includes not only the nominal interest rate but also all fees, commissions, and insurance premiums related to the granting of credit. For institutions whose current pricing was close to the old 15% ceiling, the adjustment requires an immediate revision of the pricing grids, under penalty of falling into illegality.<\/p>\n<p>This evolution is part of a broader monetary easing trend observed in the Union: the BCEAO has made several adjustments to its key rate policy in recent months, in a context of pronounced disinflation. The decrease in the usury rate can thus be seen as an extension, in the consumer and business credit segment, of an accommodating orientation already at work in the money market.<\/p>\n<p>V- The limits of a double-edged instrument<br \/>\nSetting an usury rate involves a delicate balance, well documented by economic and legal doctrine. A too low ceiling risks producing a credit rationing effect: lending institutions, unable to cover their risk through adequate pricing, turn away from the riskiest profiles, often modest households and very small businesses, precisely those that the system aims to protect. This risk is structurally higher for the microfinance sector, whose economic model relies on narrower margins than those of the traditional banking sector.<\/p>\n<p>The maintenance of the 24% ceiling for financial institutions and DFS, unchanged by this decision, can be seen as a way for the Council of Ministers to secure the viability of the financial inclusion sector at the very moment when it tightens the grip on the banking sector. However, the effectiveness of the measure will ultimately depend on the ability of the Banking Commission and national authorities to ensure effective control, as practice has shown in several Union jurisdictions that circumventing the usury rate through multiple additional fees not included in the TEG remains a structural risk.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion<br \/>\nDecision No. 19\/29-12-2025\/CM\/UMOA of December 29, 2025 does not revolutionize the architecture of usury law in the WAEMU; it adjusts it cautiously in favor of the borrower. Its interest lies less in the magnitude of the decrease than in the confirmation of a method: that of a Council of Ministers that continues to arbitrate, text after text, between consumer credit protection and the economic balance of lending institutions. The true impact of the measure will be measured in the coming months, in terms of its effective implementation by banks, financial institutions, and decentralized financial systems in the area.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-bottom-left\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since June 1, 2026, a new legal ceiling regulates the cost of credit in the eight states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union. By Decision No. 19\/29-12-2025\/CM\/UMOA, signed in Cotonou on December 29, 2025 under the presidency of Aboubakar Nacanabo, the Council of Ministers of the Union redefined the usury rate applicable to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":536766,"featured_media":493585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12048,16412,12046],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-493584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chronicles","category-contribution","category-leaders-en","pmpro-has-access"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Usury rate in the WAEMU: the recalibration operated by Decision No. 19\/29-12-2025\/CM\/UMOA - Financial Afrik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. 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