{"id":487412,"date":"2025-12-27T17:15:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T17:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/"},"modified":"2025-12-27T17:15:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T17:15:37","slug":"the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

By Prof. Amath Ndiaye, <\/span>FASEG-UCAD.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n


\nThe African public debate often attributes to the CFA Franc (FCFA) the responsibility for underdevelopment and the maintenance of many African countries in the Least Developed Countries (LDC) category. However, a factual analysis of United Nations data shows that this accusation does not hold up to scrutiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the official list of LDC established by the United Nations for the year 2024, Africa has 32 LDC. Among them, only 10 countries belong to the CFA Franc zone, which is 31.25%. And if we exclude Senegal, which has been engaged in a process of exiting the LDC status since 2024, there are only 9 CFA countries out of 31 African LDC, representing approximately 29%.<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, more than 70% of African LDC are outside the CFA zone, with their own national currencies and, for the most part, flexible exchange rate regimes.<\/span><\/p>\n

This simple statistical observation is decisive: the CFA Franc cannot be the main cause of the existence of LDC in Africa, since the vast majority of African LDC do not use the CFA. In other words, underdevelopment is not primarily a question of monetary regime.<\/span><\/p>\n

The true determinants of LDC status are well known:<\/span><\/p>\n

low productive diversification,<\/span><\/p>\n

dependence on raw materials,<\/span><\/p>\n

insufficient human capital,<\/span><\/p>\n

lack of infrastructure,<\/span><\/p>\n

vulnerability to climate and security shocks,<\/span><\/p>\n

economic mismanagement,<\/span><\/p>\n

Corruption.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experience also shows that the CFA Franc has rather contributed to macroeconomic stability, notably through some of the lowest inflation rates in Africa, a necessary condition \u2014 though not sufficient \u2014 for sustainable development. The gradual exit of CFA countries from the LDC status, like Senegal, illustrates that the monetary framework is not a mechanical obstacle to development.<\/span><\/p>\n

Blaming the CFA Franc for African underdevelopment is more of a political slogan than an economic analysis. LDC exist mainly outside the CFA zone, and the African challenge remains primarily productive, structural, and institutional, rather than monetary.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Prof. Amath Ndiaye, FASEG-UCAD. The African public debate often attributes to the CFA Franc (FCFA) the responsibility for underdevelopment and the maintenance of many African countries in the Least Developed Countries (LDC) category. However, a factual analysis of United Nations data shows that this accusation does not hold up to scrutiny. According to the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":536766,"featured_media":487413,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"translated_post_url_fr":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/2025\/12\/27\/le-franc-cfa-nest-pas-responsable-de-lexistence-des-pma-en-afrique\/","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12048,12046],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-487412","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chronicles","8":"category-leaders-en","9":"pmpro-has-access"},"yoast_head":"\nThe CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa - Financial Afrik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. We aspire to neutrality, but we assume our subjectivity\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. We aspire to neutrality, but we assume our subjectivity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Financial Afrik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FinancialAfrik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-27T17:15:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-27T17:15:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"950\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Contribution\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Financialafrik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Financialafrik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Contribution\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Contribution\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fd42d3e06ff03cbfe49e5dd2cc3aeb4b\"},\"headline\":\"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-27T17:15:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-27T17:15:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":320,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/IMG_2916.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Chronicles\",\"Leaders\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/\",\"name\":\"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa - Financial Afrik\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/IMG_2916.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-27T17:15:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-27T17:15:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. We aspire to neutrality, but we assume our subjectivity\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/27\\\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/IMG_2916.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/IMG_2916.png\",\"width\":950,\"height\":460},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kapital Afrik\",\"description\":\"All African finance\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Kapital Afrik | All African finance\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kapitalafrik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/logo-430x76-kapital-afrik-.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kapitalafrik.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/logo-430x76-kapital-afrik-.png\",\"width\":1740,\"height\":266,\"caption\":\"Kapital Afrik | All African finance\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/FinancialAfrik\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Financialafrik\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/financialafrikbusiness\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/financial-afrik\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCSeoXcgLHLSVaKqMP7cQaJQ\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fd42d3e06ff03cbfe49e5dd2cc3aeb4b\",\"name\":\"Contribution\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/977ddc6725073863682c26a597fa658352af19097febbc88daa7f4a3f2297b8e?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/977ddc6725073863682c26a597fa658352af19097febbc88daa7f4a3f2297b8e?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/977ddc6725073863682c26a597fa658352af19097febbc88daa7f4a3f2297b8e?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Contribution\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.financialafrik.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/contribution\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa - Financial Afrik","description":"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. We aspire to neutrality, but we assume our subjectivity","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa","og_description":"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. We aspire to neutrality, but we assume our subjectivity","og_url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/","og_site_name":"Financial Afrik","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FinancialAfrik\/","article_published_time":"2025-12-27T17:15:30+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-27T17:15:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":950,"height":460,"url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Contribution","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Financialafrik","twitter_site":"@Financialafrik","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Contribution","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/"},"author":{"name":"Contribution","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/fd42d3e06ff03cbfe49e5dd2cc3aeb4b"},"headline":"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa","datePublished":"2025-12-27T17:15:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-27T17:15:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/"},"wordCount":320,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png","articleSection":["Chronicles","Leaders"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/","url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/","name":"The CFA Franc is not responsible for the existence of Least Developed Countries in Africa - Financial Afrik","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png","datePublished":"2025-12-27T17:15:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-27T17:15:37+00:00","description":"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. We aspire to neutrality, but we assume our subjectivity","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/the-cfa-franc-is-not-responsible-for-the-existence-of-least-developed-countries-in-africa\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png","width":950,"height":460},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/","name":"Kapital Afrik","description":"All African finance","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Kapital Afrik | All African finance","url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.kapitalafrik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo-430x76-kapital-afrik-.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.kapitalafrik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/logo-430x76-kapital-afrik-.png","width":1740,"height":266,"caption":"Kapital Afrik | All African finance"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FinancialAfrik\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Financialafrik","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/financialafrikbusiness\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/financial-afrik\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCSeoXcgLHLSVaKqMP7cQaJQ\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/fd42d3e06ff03cbfe49e5dd2cc3aeb4b","name":"Contribution","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/977ddc6725073863682c26a597fa658352af19097febbc88daa7f4a3f2297b8e?s=96&d=blank&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/977ddc6725073863682c26a597fa658352af19097febbc88daa7f4a3f2297b8e?s=96&d=blank&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/977ddc6725073863682c26a597fa658352af19097febbc88daa7f4a3f2297b8e?s=96&d=blank&r=g","caption":"Contribution"},"url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/author\/contribution\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/IMG_2916.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/487412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/536766"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=487412"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/487412\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/487413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=487412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=487412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=487412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}