{"id":487408,"date":"2025-12-27T17:14:50","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T17:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/gold-price-record-over-4000-per-ounce-is-it-an-indicator-of-a-countrys-development\/"},"modified":"2025-12-27T17:14:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T17:14:54","slug":"gold-price-record-over-4000-per-ounce-is-it-an-indicator-of-a-countrys-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/en\/2025\/12\/27\/gold-price-record-over-4000-per-ounce-is-it-an-indicator-of-a-countrys-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Gold price record over $4000 per ounce: is it an indicator of a country&#8217;s development?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-bottom-left\"><\/div><p class=\"s23\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s24\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>By Abderrahmane Mebtoul<\/strong>, University Professor, international expert accountant at the Higher Institute of Management in Lille, France, Doctor of Economics<\/span><br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s25\">A country&#8217;s international reserves are generally the set of assets held by its central bank (currencies, gold, special drawing rights (SDRs)), so gold reserves are included according to the IMF&#8217;s international definition of foreign exchange reserves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s24\">1. &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"s24\"> Gold being indefinitely reusable and practically indestructible, the vast majority of tons of gold extracted since the beginning of humanity still exist. In total, mines produce about 60% of the global supply, with the remaining 40% coming from recycling and sales of central bank stocks. Gold served as the exclusive monetary standard with the Bretton Woods agreements establishing the international monetary system in 1945 (Gold Exchange Standard) with the dollar as the international currency defined in a certain weight of gold and other currencies in dollars. In 1971, with President Nixon, the United States suspended the convertibility of the dollar into gold and in 1976 the Jamaica agreements demonetized gold, which since then has no official monetary role. According to the World Gold Council (WGC) report, central banks&#8217; global gold reserves are around 35,244.5 tons. Gold priced in ounces is traded on the precious metals market, mainly in New York, London, Zurich, and Hong Kong. The price of gold experiences significant fluctuations as a safe haven asset, depending on the inflation rate, global economic uncertainties, and global tensions. The price of gold in 2000 reached a low of $280 per ounce. During the 2020s, the price of gold, marked by a spectacular increase due to the COVID-19 pandemic and global economic uncertainty, reached a historic high of over $2,000 per ounce in August 2020, achieving record increases of +28% in euros and +36% in dollars compared to the beginning of the year. The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States generated new international tensions, and successive crises each pushed the price of an ounce of gold above $2,000, and in the last quarter of 2024, we witnessed a historic record that pushed the price of the yellow metal to over $2,500 per ounce. Between the beginning and December 27, 2025, the price reached a record level between $4,300 &#8211; $4,500 per ounce (31.1g). For our calculations, we will use an average of $132,000 per kilogram using an approximate exchange rate of 1 USD to 0.92.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s33\">2. &#8211; Ranking of countries &#8211; gold reserves<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">USA 8133 tons, giving a value according to the average price at the end of December 2025 of $1073 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Germany 3350 tons, a value of $442 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Italy 2452 tons, a value of $323 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">France 2437 tons, a value of $321 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Russia 2330 tons, a value of $307 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><a name=\"_Hlk217513109\"><\/a><span class=\"s28\">China 2304 tons, a value of $304 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Switzerland 1040 tons, a value of $185 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">India 880 tons, a value of $116 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Japan 841 tons, a value of $111 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Turkey 641 tons, a value of $85 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Netherlands 612 tons, a value of $81 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Poland 515 tons, a value of $68 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Taiwan 424 tons, a value of $56 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Portugal 383 tons, a value of $51 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Uzbekistan 361 tons, a value of $48 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Kazakhstan 324 tons, a value of $43 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Saudi Arabia 323 tons, a value of $42 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">United Kingdom 310 tons, a value of $41 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Lebanon 287 tons, a value of $38 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Spain 282 tons, a value of $37 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Belgium 227 tons, a value of $30 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Singapore 205 tons, a value of $27 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Azerbaijan 185 tons, a value of $24 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s29\">Algeria 174 tons, a value of $23 billion that has not changed in volume since 2005<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Iraq 165 tons, a value of $21 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Libya 147 tons, a value of $19.40 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Brazil 145 tons, a value of $19.14 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Egypt 129 tons, a value of $17 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">South Africa 125 tons, a value of $16 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">South Korea 104 tons, a value of $13 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Kuwait 79 tons, $10 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">Iran 61 tons, $8 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s34\"><span class=\"s30\">Oman 6.73 tons, $890 million<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s34\"><span class=\"s30\">Bahrain 4.5 tons, $595 million<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s32\">For the 10 countries with the most gold reserves in Africa, we have, in descending order:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"s36\">1. <span class=\"s32\">Algeria<\/span><span class=\"s30\">: ~174 tons for $23 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s36\">2. <span class=\"s32\">Libya<\/span><span class=\"s30\">: ~147 tons for $19.40 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s36\">3. <span class=\"s32\">Egypt<\/span><span class=\"s30\">: ~128 tons for $17 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s37\">4. <span class=\"s32\">South Africa<\/span><span class=\"s30\">: ~125 tons for $16 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s37\">5. <span class=\"s26\">Ghana<\/span><span class=\"s24\"> 37 tons for $4.9 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s37\">6. <span class=\"s32\">Morocco<\/span><span class=\"s30\">: ~22 tons for $3 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s37\">7. <span class=\"s32\">Mauritius &#8211; 12 tons for $1.6 billion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s37\">8. <span class=\"s32\">Tunisia &#8211; 7 tons for $924 million<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s37\">9. <span class=\"s32\">Mozambique &#8211; 4 tons for $528 million<\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"s38\"><span class=\"s24\">10-<\/span><span class=\"s26\">Kenya<\/span><span class=\"s24\"> 0.02 tons, a negligible amount<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s38\"><span class=\"s26\">Total for Africa: 1010 tons<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s38\"><span class=\"s29\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s39\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">3.-What conclusion can be drawn?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s28\">There is no direct correlation between gold reserves included in foreign exchange reserves according to the IMF&#8217;s definition and the level of development. For example, Nordic countries like Sweden, Finland, and Norway, ranked first in the 2025 Human Development Index, have very low gold reserves. Lebanon, on the brink of bankruptcy, has a significant amount of gold, while some countries have invested in sovereign wealth funds, which are investment funds owned by a state that exploit a country&#8217;s excess economic reserves, typically from natural resource revenues or trade surpluses, to generate long-term profits. The Norwegian sovereign wealth fund, the world&#8217;s largest, reached a record value of around \u20ac1,750 billion in 2025, with only 28 tons of gold. The sovereign wealth funds of the Emirates (Abu Dhabi Investment Authority) and Qatar, with assets of $1.1 trillion and $557 billion respectively, have only 75 tons worth about $10 billion and 116 tons worth $15.31 billion. Another example is the marginal European Union, despite being the world&#8217;s third-largest economic area in terms of GDP after the USA and China, has only 36 tons, as well as some African countries experiencing remarkable growth but with little or no internal gold reserves. The wealth of a nation primarily comes from labor linked to good governance. After depleting its gold stocks, Spain declined for several centuries. The Romanian communist regime had foreign exchange reserves due to drastic import restrictions, but a ruined economy led to its downfall. This is what awaits oil-producing or raw material-producing countries that rely solely on this rent.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-bottom-left\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Abderrahmane Mebtoul, University Professor, international expert accountant at the Higher Institute of Management in Lille, France, Doctor of Economics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":536766,"featured_media":451927,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"translated_post_url_fr":"https:\/\/www.financialafrik.com\/2025\/12\/27\/record-du-prix-de-lor-plus-de-4000-dollars-lonce-est-ce-lindicateur-du-developpement-dun-pays\/","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12048,12046],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-487408","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chronicles","8":"category-leaders-en","9":"pmpro-has-access"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gold price record over $4000 per ounce: is it an indicator of a country&#039;s development? - Financial Afrik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Headed by Adama Wade and his team of 20 journalists, Kapital Afrik offers strategic and financial information to executives and managers. 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The aim of Kapital Afrik is to provide financial and political news, give priority to human entrepreneurial experiences, lend life to economic policies, givemeaning to statistics. Our \u201cexaggerated pretensions\u201d inspire us. We will strive, and gradually, to conceive, comfort and reach them. Three versions, three approaches and a global vision. The website is constantly on the news. The newsletter relays information every morning to executives, bankers, university financiers, students. The monthly edition analyzes the information and explains the setbacks. A single credo initiates our journalistic approach: information = actors, facts = a pluralistic vision. 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